OR-OSHA Course 112 Quiz and "Book" Answers
Module 1
1. According to ORS 654.022, the employer must do everything necessary or proper in order to secure compliance with and observance of every order, decision, direction, standard, rule or regulation.
a. True 2. The intent of ORS 654.022 infers that employees are accountable to ____________ to obey safety rules. b. the employer. Is is called the "chain of accountability" and helps employees understand clearly who they answer to for their actions. 3. According to the text, each of the following activities is a general employer responsibility, except? d. Regulation. 4. Concerted refusals by the employees to comply with the
OSEAct may result in Oregon OSHA citing the employee even when the employer has failed to exercise full authority. b. False. Concerted refusals by the employees to comply with the OSEAct may result in Oregon OSHA citing the employer where the employer has failed to exercise full authority to the maximum extent reasonable, including discipline and discharge, to ensure compliance with the OSEAct. 5. OAR 437-001-0760(1) requires a supervisor on every part of an operation and prohibits workers from working alone. b. False. This rule shall not be construed to require a supervisor on every part of an operation nor to prohibit workers from working alone. 6. According to the text, each of the following behaviors is considered a general employee responsibility, except? b. Working injury free. This concept describes and end-state or result, not actually a behavior. Complying and reporting are appropriate behaviors. 9. According
to OAR 437-001-0760(3), Investigations of Injuries, each employer investigates lost time injuries to primarily ______________. a. determine the means to prevent recurrence. "Means" means system solutions here. Be sure you make every attempt to uncover system weaknesses before addressing the need for discipline. If system weaknesses exist, justification for discipline is in doubt. 8. According to OAR 437-001-0760(7), Inspections, all places of employment shall be inspected by a qualified person or persons ___________. d. as of often as the type of operation requires. Inspections might be required every hour, day, week, month. It all depends on what the operation requires. That's a judgment call. A basic rule of thumb, here, is that "the more frequent the change in the workplace, the more frequent the inspections."
9. All of the following help define "working safe," except:
c. having no accidents. Having no accidents
is a result, and in most instances, a surprise! Working safe is a behavioral concept, so it requires a behavior definition like, "using safe procedures and practices."
10. Adequate supervision is defined as ________ and _________ hazardous conditions or unsafe behaviors before they result in ________ or _________:
b. identifying, correcting, injury, illness.
Module 2
11. Safety education primarily tells us ________ and safety training tells us _______:
b. why, how. The "why" primarily explains the natural and system consequences of our actions. It discusses why safety is important. Training may be thought of as instruction that tells us how to do something. 12. Natural consequences describe: c. what automatically happens to the employee as a result of performance. We are punished "by" what we do, not by somebody "for" what we do. 13. According to Ferdinand
F. Fournies, the number one reason employees do not perform to expected standards is that they don't: a. that they don't know why they should do them. 14. OR-OSHA Rule 760 requires all supervisors to conduct OJT prior to the start of any hazardous task. b. False, but it's a heck of great idea! Someone has to train employees before that begin any hazardous task, but it doesn't necessary have to be the supervisor. 15. According to the text, the most appropriate strategy for training specific procedures is: d. OJT. Remember, for most safety training, practice is required to demonstrate employee proficiency. Testing knowledge and skills is inherent in the OJT process. 16. A system consequence describes: a. what the organization does to you. The organization or the "system" administers positive and negative consequences as a response to your performance. 17. According to the text, safety training
must be closely tied to ______________ or it may likely fail: b. accountability. If it's not, the training is likely to fail because when accountability is absent, the safety culture does not support training. 18. This step is necessary when exposure to hazards inherent in the procedure could cause serious harm: c. Step 3. Learner tells - Trainer does. In this step learner knowledge is tested. The step also makes sure the learner does not perform a step that could cause an injury before being stopped by the trainer. 19. Employees will more likely perceive their supervisors have expertise in safety if those supervisors ___________________. d. perform safety training. How better to demonstrate expertise. 20. According to the text, OJT is superior to general classroom or video training because it automatically ____________________: b. tests both knowledge and skills
Module 3
21. According to SAIF Corporation, this cause category contributes to more accidents than any other:
a. safety management system. Yes the safety management system accounts for up to 95% of all workplace accidents.
22. Types of employee performance failures include all of the following, except:
b. failing to work fast enough. In the context of safety failing to work fast is not necessarily a performance failure. Personal factors, unsafe or inappropriate behaviors are considered performance failures.
23. Supervisors provide adequate resources by making sure employees are provided:
d. all of the above. You be it's all of the above. Better study the module some more if you missed this one ;-)
24. All of the following are indications of an unhealthful psychosocial work environment, except:
a. any degree of stress. Stress is a fact of life in the workplace. It
becomes unhealthful distress when we don't believe we have the ability to achieve expectations or control the outcome. Unreasonable workload, poor working relationships, trouble at home, can all be sources of negative distress in the workplace.
25. According to the text, an employee will experience the most negative distress when they:
d. feel helpless. Distress occurs when we do not believe we are capable of meeting expectations. We're helpless. The more helpless/less control we have over a situation, the more distress we feel. Module 4
26. Employees are appropriately held accountable for all of the following behaviors, except?
b. Working injury-free throughout the year. 27. When you are held accountable, your performance is evaluated in relation to standards and that performance results in consequences: a. When you are held accountable, your performance is evaluated by management in relation
to formal standards and it results in positive or negative consequences. 28. According to the text, accountability is defined as: a. Evaluating performance and administering consequences 29. Which of the answers below is the most appropriate response when an employee reports a hazard? b. Thanks! Let's see how that happened. This is a real opportunity for a supervisor to demonstrate real safety leadership. Be sure you do this! 30. Which of the following is not described as an appropriate question for the supervisor to ask when considering disciplinary action? c. Have I intervened at least three times? 31. When trying to get employees to comply with safety rules, which approach works best? b. negative and positive reinforcement 32. According to the text, accountability follows _______________: b. control. 33. The employer is justified in administering
progressive discipline even if employees are not provided with necessary resources. b. False. The employer has an obligation to provide resources that make it possible for employees to achieve standards. 34. When an employee suffers an injury, the question of discipline _____________: d. is raised only after root cause analysis. Remember, in a "fix-the-system" analysis process, the discipline is justified only if system failures do not exist. When it comes to discipline the accident is truly irrelevant. 35. Oregon OSHA mandates specific progressive disciplinary procedures in OAR 437, Division 1, Rule 760. b. False. Oregon OSHA does not mandate specific disciplinary procedures.
Module 5
36. "Adequate supervision" may be thought of as __________ and __________ a hazard before it causes an injury or illness.
a. detecting, correcting. 37. The four hazard areas discussed
in this course include: a. materials, equipment, environment, employee 38. Which hazard control strategy below should you consider first to eliminate or reduce a hazard? b. Engineering Controls 39. Facility design, hazardous atmospheres, temperature, and noise are examples of hazards in the _________ environment: b. physical. 40. Why is the investigation described below ineffective? d. all of the above. Unfortunately, a management response like this is all too common. Trivializing the hazard and related suggestion to correct the hazard may be motivated because someone doesn't want to act on it for some reason. No root cause analysis was conducted: Rather, managers chose to attribute the error to a personal flaw, thereby distancing themselves from any responsibility for the accident. Do you think productivity, profitability, morale and employee safety improved as a result of this response? 41.
Factors such as workload, scheduling, quality of training, and work relationships are examples of the ______________ environment. c. psychosocial. It's important to provide adequate training, scheduling, and supportive safety climate that compliment the physical resources. Put it all together and you have a supportive safety culture. 42. Which of the following is not discussed in the course as one of the four effective processes to identify hazards? d. training. Training will help employees effectively perform observation, inspection and analysis procedures that identify hazards. 43. Which of the following processes is best at detecting the causes for most accidents in the workplace. a. observation. Daily observation is best at detecting and correcting unsafe behaviors, the cause of 95% of all injuries in the workplace. Inspection are effective at uncovering conditions that account for only 3% of total workplace accidents. 44.
According to the text, an accident investigation process that is conducted for the purpose of placing blame is generally considered a ____________ process: d. reactive. First of all, since the investigation only after an accident has occurred, it may be thought of as primarily reactive. If the purpose of the investigation is to place blame, we may consider it totally reactive. If the purpose of the investigation is to fix the system, the positive effects of the proactive component in the process may actually outweigh the negative effects because similar accidents will be prevented. 45. Which of the following is the least effective strategy to get employees to willingly conduct safety inspections? d. threaten discipline. This should be common sense, but remember, there is no such thing a "common" sense, so it's important that this point be made. Threatening discipline will motivate employees to comply because they have to, not because the want to. Those that are willing,
do it only to avoid punishment.
Module 6
46. According to the text, effective supervisors see themselves as real leaders and are therefore __________ employees when it comes to safety: They __________ it!
b. tough on, insist on 47. As a leader, you want to send the right messages when you approach an employee who is violating a safety rule. Which of the messages below is likely the most effective? c. I'm hard on you because I care about your safety. Those other responses reflect more concern over their own job security than your safety. 48. According to the text, all of the below are required behaviors that should receive positive recognition, except: a. No injuries for the year. This is a result, not a behavior. 49. What's the most common inappropriate behavior rewarded today? d. Withholding injury reports. Remember, all recognition rewards behaviors, not results.
Rewarding for working injury-free for year actually may cause employees to think of ways to hide injuries if they can. 50. According to the text, which supervisor leadership behavior below is not considered appropriate. a. Conducts retraining as a form of discipline. The necessity for retraining eliminates justification for the discipline in the first place because initial training, or the culture that supports it, is inadequate. 51. In the most effective safety leadership approach the supervisor is _________ because he or she ____________ about the ____________: d. tough, cares, employee's safety. Just in case you didn't get questions 31 right! 52. This leadership style is the result of a lack of trust in employees and is least effective in a safety culture: b. tough controlling. Actually, either tough controlling or tough coercive could be the right answer for this questions. 53. A thug who sticks
a gun in your back has ____________ but not leadership: a. power. Leadership gives one power, authority, status, influence. Power, authority, status and influence does NOT make a person an effective leader. 54. According to the text, leadership must __________________: c. be conferred by followers. It can't be assigned by anyone. 55. A tough-caring leader organizes the workplace to best provide employees with the resources they need to be safe and achieve their own goals and objectives supporting organizational success. a. True. You bet. They serve the employees they lead.
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