b. PPE includes: Face and eye protection, Head protection, Foot protection Hand protection, Protective clothing, Protective ointments, Shields, Barriers, Restraints

c. PPE is required wherever the following conditions are encountered that are capable of causing injury or impairment by being absorbed, inhaled, or physically contacted: hazards of processes environment hazards, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants.

PPE might be uncomfortable, unavailable, defective, etc. Consequences may be non-existent or perceived as positive.

a. True. Although employers may arrange for employees to provide their own protective equipment, it's important to understand that in such circumstances the employer remains responsible and accountable to assure its adequacy, including proper maintenance, and sanitation of such equipment.

Bodily reaction might result in trauma to the ring finger. There are member of the "missing ring finger" club walking around ;-)

b. PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with engineering controls and other management controls.

d. If the person conducting the hazard assessment discovers that hazards requiring PPE are present, or likely to be present, then management must: Select, and have each affected employee use, the types of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazard identified in the hazard assessment; Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee; and, Select PPE that properly fits each affected employee.

a. True. It's important to realize that when it comes to PPE, "one does NOT fit all!" Adjustments should be made on an individual basis for a comfortable fit that will keep the protective device in the proper position. Where manufacturer's instructions are available, they should be followed carefully.

b. False. The most effective strategy for surveying the work area is to use a team of individuals conduct the assessment. The area supervisor, safety officer and/or experienced employee should conduct a walk-through survey of the areas in question.

d. Risk may be thought of in terms of probability and severity. The higher the probability and/or severity of an injury, the greater the risk.

d. According to the standard, to meet the minimum training requirements, each employee receiving PPE training must be trained to know at least the following: When PPE is necessary; What PPE is necessary; How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE; The limitations of the PPE; and, The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE.

b. Demonstration is really the most common and probably the most efficient method to determine employee knowledge and skills. How does the employee demonstrate an understanding of the six PPE training subjects listed above?

a. Before an employee is allowed to do work requiring PPE, the employer must require each affected employee to: Demonstrate an understanding of the training elements listed above, and Demonstrate the ability to use PPE properly.

a. True. When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who has already been trained does not have the understanding and skill required by the PPE standard, the employer must retrain the employee. Circumstances where retraining is required include, but are not limited to, situations where changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete; or Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete; or Inadequacies in an affected employee's knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill.

However, when it comes to documentation of PPE training, it's a good idea to go beyond the minimum requirements stated in the standard to make sure the employer can demonstrate (prove) they have met or exceeded their legal obligations with respect to safety training.

BLS found that almost 70% of the accidents studied resulted from flying or falling objects or sparks striking the eye. Injured workers estimated that nearly three-fifths of the objects were smaller than a pin head. Most of the particles were said to be traveling faster than a hand-thrown object when the accident occurred.

b. Goggles, eyecup and cover types.

b. False. Employees whose occupation or assignment requires exposure to laser beams should be furnished laser safety goggles which will protect for the specific wavelength of the laser and be of optical density adequate for the energy involved.

a. True. Yes, to increase rates of compliance.

b. BLS reported that most workers were hurt while doing their regular jobs. Workers injured while not wearing protective eyewear most often said they believed it was not required by the situation. Even though the vast majority of employers furnished eye protection at no cost to employees, about 40% of the workers received no information on where and what kind of eyewear should be used.

Your workplace, like most, may contain one or more of the following hazards in the form of harmful: dusts fogs fumes mists gases smokes sprays vapors. If hazardous atmospheres generated by any of the above, it must be controlled to prevent disease to workers.

a. Oregon OSHA standards mandate that employers use engineering control measures as far as feasible to control occupational diseases caused by breathing contaminated air in their workplaces. Engineering control strategies attempt to eliminate or reduce workplace hazards by redesigning or substituting machinery, equipment, tools, and materials.

d. Examples of acceptable engineering controls to eliminate or reduce atmospheric hazards include: Enclosure or confinement of the operation, General and local ventilation, and Substitution of less toxic materials.

a. True. Be sure to thoroughly inspect respirators for emergency use such as self-contained devices at least once a month and after each use. Routinely used respirators must be collected, cleaned, and disinfected as frequently as necessary to insure that proper protection is provided for the wearer. Respirators maintained for emergency use must be cleaned and disinfected after each use.

It is not properly stored or clean. It is not ready for service and shouldn't be used. If OSHA shows up, we'll probably be cited!

b. False. Wherever there is a potential in the workplace for injury to the head from falling objects, the employer must make sure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet. Whenever an employee works near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head, the employer must make sure that a protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by the employee.

C. Class C helmets. These helmets provide impact and penetration resistance (they are usually made of aluminum which conducts electricity), and should not be used around electrical hazards. The photo to the left shows what's left of a Class C helmet after an accident. As you can see, the helmet did not provide much impact resistance.

These helmets provide impact and penetration resistance (they are usually made of aluminum which conducts electricity), and should not be used around electrical hazards. The helmet will deform as was shown in the photo in the module.

Hand protection can protect against many forms of chemical, environmental and mechanical hazards.

c. It's important that employers work closely with their PPE supplier to select appropriate hand protection based on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection. Specifically the employer needs to look at each of the following: specific task(s)being performed, environmental conditions present, duration of hand protection use while performing the task, the actual hazards, and potential hazards.

d. The work activities of the employee should also be studied to determine: the degree of dexterity required, the duration the task, the frequency of the task, degree of exposure of the hazard, and the physical stresses that will be applied.

b. Breakthrough or Penetration rate. The penetration rate measures the speed with which a given chemical breaks through the layer(s) of the glove to contact the skin. The permeation rate measures the length of time it takes a given material (glove) to become saturated by the chemical through absorption.

The employer must make sure that each affected employee uses protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries due to: falling or rolling objects objects piercing the sole where feet are exposed to electrical hazards

a. True. Safety shoes or boots with impact protection would be required for carrying or handling materials such as packages, objects, parts or heavy tools, which could be dropped; and, for other activities where objects might fall onto the feet.

b. False. Safety shoes or boots with compression protection would be required for work activities involving skid trucks (manual material handling carts) around bulk rolls (such as paper rolls) and around heavy pipes, all of which could potentially roll over an employee's feet. Safety shoes or boots with puncture protection would be required where sharp objects such as nails, wire, tacks, screws, large staples, scrap metal etc., could be stepped on by employees causing a foot injury.

b. 7,500 volts a.c.

a. To make sure electrical protective equipment actually performs as designed, it must be inspected for damage before each day's use and immediately following any incident that can reasonably be suspected of having caused damage. Insulating gloves must be given an air test, along with the inspection.

d. Insulating equipment must not be used if any of the following defects are detected: A hole, tear, puncture, or cut; Ozone cutting or ozone checking (the cutting action produced by ozone on rubber under mechanical stress into a series of interlacing cracks); An embedded foreign object; Any of the following texture changes: swelling, softening, hardening, or becoming sticky or inelastic. Any other defect that damages the insulating properties.

d. The employer must certify that equipment has been tested in accordance with the requirements of the standard, and the certification must identify the equipment that passed the test and the date it was tested. Marking equipment and entering the results of the tests and the testing dates onto logs are two acceptable ways to meet this requirement.

a. All employees are protected from fall hazards when: Working on unguarded surfaces more than 10 feet above a lower level, or working at any height above dangerous equipment.

a. Fall restraint systems. These systems are designed to prevent an employee from falling. At a minimum, they must be rigged so that an employee cannot free fall more than two feet. They include: Guardrails, Personal fall restraint systems, Positioning device, Warning lines, Safety monitor, Controlled access zone.

Lifelines, body belts/harnesses and lanyards must be used only for employee safeguarding. That's pretty straight forward. Fall protection is to be used only for fall protection, no other use. Any lifeline, body belt, harness or lanyard actually subjected to in-service loading, as distinguished from static load testing, must be immediately removed from service and must not be used again for employee safeguarding.

a. True. A worker who falls using the body belt will end up in this position. He or she has likely suffered major internal damage and has only seconds to be rescued. Remember, the body belt is no longer allowed to be used as a fall arrest system. The full body harness is required for personal fall arrest systems because it is designed to spread the arrest forces throughout the entire upper body. The attachment is at the upper back, with straps attaching at various point in both the upper and lower part of the body. Consequently, arrest forces are spread over a much wider area. Injury is still possible, but the potential severity is lessened greatly, and rescue time lengthened. By the way, an effective rescue plan should be developed by the employer.

b. Employers must provide and make sure employees wear U.S. Coast Guard (or equivalent) approved buoyant protective equipment at all times while working on or over water which is more than five feet in depth while working:

a. Fall restraint systems. By preventing and/or limiting the fall distance, forces applied to the body are less. Consequently, the probability of serious injury is decreased.

b. For a duration of 8 hours, the slow response sound level must be lowered to 90 dBA.

b. Engineering controls are most effective. Basically, all we're talking about is attempting to eliminate or reduce the noise level by redesigning, replacing or enclosing noisy equipment. Management (Work Practice/Administrative) Controls attempt to limit exposure by reducing the duration of exposure to the noise.

It's your opinion, so your answer is always right ;-). Here's my comment. Management of behavior is a constant challenge: Programs, policies, processes, procedures, practices, rules, training, enforcement, supervision, resources, etc are all required. All of this must be continually evaluated to make sure design and implementation is effective. Principle: Any system that relies on human behavior is inherently unreliable.

a. Earmuffs are designed to be multiple use and may be designed to be worn with the harness over or behind the head, or below the chin. They are generally more comfortable, but usually provide less noise reduction, thus less protection, than ear plugs.

Employees will be more likely to use the PPE when not being directly supervised when they are given the opportunity to choose the PPE.